{"id":32987,"date":"2026-04-16T11:23:02","date_gmt":"2026-04-16T09:23:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/?p=32987"},"modified":"2026-06-01T09:13:52","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T07:13:52","slug":"pierscionek-fede-5-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/zabytek-miesiaca\/zabytek-miesiaca-archiwum-2026\/pierscionek-fede-5-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"Pier\u015bcionek zar\u0119czynowy typu fede z XVI\/XVII wieku. Zabytek Miesi\u0105ca MAG &#8211; maj 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"32987\" class=\"elementor elementor-32987\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d445b86 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d445b86\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-688d25d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"688d25d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Zabytek_Miesiaca-2026-05-plakat.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Zabytek_Miesiaca-2026-05-plakat\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6IjMzMTMxIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2FyY2hlb2xvZ2lhLnlvdTIucGxcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA0XC9aYWJ5dGVrX01pZXNpYWNhLTIwMjYtMDUtcGxha2F0LmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"2000\" src=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Zabytek_Miesiaca-2026-05-plakat.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-33131\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Zabytek_Miesiaca-2026-05-plakat.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Zabytek_Miesiaca-2026-05-plakat-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Zabytek_Miesiaca-2026-05-plakat-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Zabytek_Miesiaca-2026-05-plakat-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Zabytek_Miesiaca-2026-05-plakat-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Zabytek_Miesiaca-2026-05-plakat-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Zabytek_Miesiaca-2026-05-plakat-12x12.jpg 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13093d7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"13093d7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13d27fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13d27fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>W 2009 roku, podczas bada\u0144 archeologicznych w kociewskiej wsi Osiek, nad jeziorem Ka\u0142\u0119bie odkryto wiele artefakt\u00f3w zwi\u0105zanych z histori\u0105 tego miejsca. By\u0142y w\u015br\u00f3d nich kulki muszkietowe, groty be\u0142t\u00f3w, monety, a tak\u017ce wyj\u0105tkowe znalezisko: pier\u015bcionek zar\u0119czynowy \u2013 cichy \u015bwiadek czyjej\u015b dawnej obietnicy.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd6e6b9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cd6e6b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6be2670 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6be2670\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ffa6f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ffa6f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dzi\u0119ki badaniom prowadzonym przez Muzeum Archeologiczne w Gda\u0144sku na obszarze Osieka zidentyfikowano relikty zamku krzy\u017cackiego oraz dworu renesansowego. Teren ten by\u0142 u\u017cytkowany od co najmniej 700 lat. Najstarsz\u0105 faz\u0119 reprezentuj\u0105 wspomniane pozosta\u0142o\u015bci zamku krzy\u017cackiego, wzniesionego w pierwszej po\u0142owie XIV wieku lub na pocz\u0105tku XV stulecia. Po sekularyzacji zakonu i w\u0142\u0105czeniu Prus Kr\u00f3lewskich do Korony Kr\u00f3lestwa Polskiego, w 1566 roku na krzy\u017cackich fundamentach wzniesiono renesansowy pa\u0142ac z arkadowym dziedzi\u0144cem. By\u0142 on przeznaczony dla starost\u00f3w osieckich i u\u017cytkowany nieprzerwanie do 1772 roku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d39282 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5d39282\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fec71e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fec71e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ruiny-zamku-w-Osieku-2024-r.-Pko-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-SA-4.0-2000px.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Ruiny zamku w Osieku, 2024 r. (Pko, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0) - 2000px\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6IjMyOTk4IiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2FyY2hlb2xvZ2lhLnlvdTIucGxcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA0XC9SdWlueS16YW1rdS13LU9zaWVrdS0yMDI0LXIuLVBrby1XaWtpbWVkaWEtQ29tbW9ucy1DQy1CWS1TQS00LjAtMjAwMHB4LmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" src=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ruiny-zamku-w-Osieku-2024-r.-Pko-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-SA-4.0-2000px.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-32998\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ruiny-zamku-w-Osieku-2024-r.-Pko-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-SA-4.0-2000px.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ruiny-zamku-w-Osieku-2024-r.-Pko-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-SA-4.0-2000px-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ruiny-zamku-w-Osieku-2024-r.-Pko-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-SA-4.0-2000px-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ruiny-zamku-w-Osieku-2024-r.-Pko-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-SA-4.0-2000px-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ruiny-zamku-w-Osieku-2024-r.-Pko-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-SA-4.0-2000px-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ruiny-zamku-w-Osieku-2024-r.-Pko-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-SA-4.0-2000px-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ruiny-zamku-w-Osieku-2024-r.-Pko-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-SA-4.0-2000px-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Ruiny zamku w Osieku, 2024 r. (Pko, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22dd2fc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"22dd2fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13c0111 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13c0111\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pier\u015bcionek odkryty przez archeolog\u00f3w w Osieku jest dosy\u0107 du\u017cy: \u015brednica liczy 27 mm, grubo\u015b\u0107 ta\u015bmy 3,5 mm. Rozmiar mo\u017ce sugerowa\u0107, \u017ce pier\u015bcionek nale\u017ca\u0142 do m\u0119\u017cczyzny, jednak taka interpretacja nie jest pewna. W przesz\u0142o\u015bci kobiety nierzadko nosi\u0142y pier\u015bcionki na r\u0119kawiczkach, co t\u0142umaczy\u0142oby wi\u0119ksze wymiary.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de50999 elementor-widget elementor-widget-gallery\" data-id=\"de50999\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;gallery_layout&quot;:&quot;grid&quot;,&quot;columns_tablet&quot;:2,&quot;columns_mobile&quot;:1,&quot;gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;link_to&quot;:&quot;file&quot;,&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;3:2&quot;,&quot;overlay_background&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;content_hover_animation&quot;:&quot;fade-in&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery__container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/MAG_SR_564_7_2_39-0025-2000px.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"de50999\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"MAG_SR_564_7_2_39-0025 - 2000px\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzI5OTIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9hcmNoZW9sb2dpYS55b3UyLnBsXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI2XC8wNFwvTUFHX1NSXzU2NF83XzJfMzktMDAyNS0yMDAwcHguanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiZGU1MDk5OSJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/MAG_SR_564_7_2_39-0025-2000px.jpg\" data-width=\"2000\" data-height=\"1333\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/MAG_SR_564_7_2_39-0013_1-2000px.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"de50999\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"MAG_SR_564_7_2_39-0013_1 - 2000px\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzI5OTEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9hcmNoZW9sb2dpYS55b3UyLnBsXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI2XC8wNFwvTUFHX1NSXzU2NF83XzJfMzktMDAxM18xLTIwMDBweC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJkZTUwOTk5In0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/MAG_SR_564_7_2_39-0013_1-2000px.jpg\" data-width=\"2000\" data-height=\"1333\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"e-gallery-item elementor-gallery-item elementor-animated-content\" href=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/MAG_SR_564_7_2_39-0007_1-2000px.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"de50999\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"MAG_SR_564_7_2_39-0007_1 - 2000px\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzI5OTAsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9hcmNoZW9sb2dpYS55b3UyLnBsXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI2XC8wNFwvTUFHX1NSXzU2NF83XzJfMzktMDAwN18xLTIwMDBweC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJkZTUwOTk5In0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-gallery-image elementor-gallery-item__image\" data-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/MAG_SR_564_7_2_39-0007_1-2000px.jpg\" data-width=\"2000\" data-height=\"1333\" aria-label=\"\" role=\"img\" ><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-gallery-item__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6a6bea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e6a6bea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pier\u015bcionek wykonano z cyny i o\u0142owiu. Obr\u0105czka jest p\u00f3\u0142okr\u0105g\u0142a, raczej cienka i g\u0142adka; po obu stronach motywu centralnego lekko si\u0119 poszerza, tworz\u0105c ramiona przechodz\u0105ce p\u0142ynnie w g\u0142\u00f3wk\u0119 pier\u015bcionka. Ca\u0142\u0105 uwag\u0119 skupia motyw dw\u00f3ch d\u0142oni splecionych w mocnym u\u015bcisku. Jedna d\u0142o\u0144 zosta\u0142a ukazana od strony grzbietowej, z czytelnie zaznaczonymi palcami; kciuk drugiej d\u0142oni obejmuje t\u0119 pierwsz\u0105. Po bokach wida\u0107 zaokr\u0105glone zgrubienia \u2013 w formie ozdoby lub uproszczonego przedstawienia mankiet\u00f3w.<\/p><p>Cyna i o\u0142\u00f3w to metale, kt\u00f3re 500 lat temu by\u0142y stosunkowo tanie i powszechne (w przeciwie\u0144stwie do srebra i z\u0142ota). W\u0142a\u015bcicielk\u0105 takiego pier\u015bcionka mog\u0142a by\u0107 mieszczka albo \u017cona rzemie\u015blnika, og\u00f3lnie kto\u015b z ubo\u017cszej warstwy spo\u0142ecznej.<\/p><p>Natomiast gest u\u015bci\u015bni\u0119tych d\u0142oni i jego symbolika by\u0142y ponad podzia\u0142ami \u2013 uniwersalne i dost\u0119pne bez wzgl\u0119du na status. Oznacza\u0142y mi\u0142o\u015b\u0107, romantyczno\u015b\u0107 oraz obietnic\u0119 wsp\u00f3lnej przysz\u0142o\u015bci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f21c2f6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f21c2f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fad8952 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fad8952\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-501d1bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"501d1bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pier\u015bcienie zar\u0119czynowe lub za\u015blubinowe z wizerunkiem splecionych prawic by\u0142y popularne w ca\u0142ej Europie od XII do XVIII wieku. W XIX stuleciu kolekcjonerzy okre\u015blili je mianem \u201efede\u201d, od w\u0142oskiego <em>mani in fede<\/em> \u2013 \u201ed\u0142onie w zaufaniu\u201d. W zbiorach Muzeum Brytyjskiego zachowa\u0142y si\u0119 przepi\u0119kne srebrne pier\u015bcienie tego typu. Kluczow\u0105 analogi\u0105 ikonograficzn\u0105 jest s\u0142ynny obraz Jana van Eycka \u201ePortret ma\u0142\u017conk\u00f3w Arnolfinich\u201d z 1434 roku: gest widoczny na obrazie jest kulturowym odpowiednikiem tego, co pier\u015bcionek fede wyra\u017ca w metalu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8edeb4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8edeb4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Portret-malzonkow-Arnolfinich-obraz-Jana-van-Eycka-namalowany-w-1434-r.-2000px-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Portret ma\u0142\u017conk\u00f3w Arnolfinich - obraz Jana van Eycka namalowany w 1434 r. - 2000px\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6IjMyOTk2IiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2FyY2hlb2xvZ2lhLnlvdTIucGxcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA0XC9Qb3J0cmV0LW1hbHpvbmtvdy1Bcm5vbGZpbmljaC1vYnJhei1KYW5hLXZhbi1FeWNrYS1uYW1hbG93YW55LXctMTQzNC1yLi0yMDAwcHgtc2NhbGVkLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1871\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Portret-malzonkow-Arnolfinich-obraz-Jana-van-Eycka-namalowany-w-1434-r.-2000px-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-32996\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Portret-malzonkow-Arnolfinich-obraz-Jana-van-Eycka-namalowany-w-1434-r.-2000px-scaled.jpg 1871w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Portret-malzonkow-Arnolfinich-obraz-Jana-van-Eycka-namalowany-w-1434-r.-2000px-219x300.jpg 219w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Portret-malzonkow-Arnolfinich-obraz-Jana-van-Eycka-namalowany-w-1434-r.-2000px-749x1024.jpg 749w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Portret-malzonkow-Arnolfinich-obraz-Jana-van-Eycka-namalowany-w-1434-r.-2000px-110x150.jpg 110w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Portret-malzonkow-Arnolfinich-obraz-Jana-van-Eycka-namalowany-w-1434-r.-2000px-768x1051.jpg 768w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Portret-malzonkow-Arnolfinich-obraz-Jana-van-Eycka-namalowany-w-1434-r.-2000px-1123x1536.jpg 1123w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Portret-malzonkow-Arnolfinich-obraz-Jana-van-Eycka-namalowany-w-1434-r.-2000px-1497x2048.jpg 1497w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Portret-malzonkow-Arnolfinich-obraz-Jana-van-Eycka-namalowany-w-1434-r.-2000px-9x12.jpg 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1871px) 100vw, 1871px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Portret ma\u0142\u017conk\u00f3w Arnolfinich - obraz Jana van Eycka namalowany w 1434 r.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4cdc95 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e4cdc95\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aee08f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"aee08f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XIII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Pier\u015bcionek z XIII w. \u00a9 The Trustees of the British Museum. Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence - 2000px\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6IjMyOTkzIiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2FyY2hlb2xvZ2lhLnlvdTIucGxcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA0XC9QaWVyc2Npb25lay16LVhJSUktdy4tXHUwMGE5LVRoZS1UcnVzdGVlcy1vZi10aGUtQnJpdGlzaC1NdXNldW0uLVNoYXJlZC11bmRlci1hLUNyZWF0aXZlLUNvbW1vbnMtQXR0cmlidXRpb24tTm9uQ29tbWVyY2lhbC1TaGFyZUFsaWtlLTQuMC1JbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsLUNDLUJZLU5DLVNBLTQuMC1saWNlbmNlLTIwMDBweC5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" src=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XIII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-32993\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XIII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XIII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XIII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XIII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XIII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XIII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XIII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-16x12.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Pier\u015bcionek z XIII w. \u00a9 The Trustees of the British Museum. Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb1d630 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bb1d630\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XV-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Pier\u015bcionek z XV w. \u00a9 The Trustees of the British Museum. Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence - 2000px\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6IjMyOTk0IiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2FyY2hlb2xvZ2lhLnlvdTIucGxcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA0XC9QaWVyc2Npb25lay16LVhWLXcuLVx1MDBhOS1UaGUtVHJ1c3RlZXMtb2YtdGhlLUJyaXRpc2gtTXVzZXVtLi1TaGFyZWQtdW5kZXItYS1DcmVhdGl2ZS1Db21tb25zLUF0dHJpYnV0aW9uLU5vbkNvbW1lcmNpYWwtU2hhcmVBbGlrZS00LjAtSW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbC1DQy1CWS1OQy1TQS00LjAtbGljZW5jZS0yMDAwcHguanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" src=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XV-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-32994\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XV-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XV-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XV-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XV-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XV-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XV-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XV-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-16x12.jpg 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Pier\u015bcionek z XV w. \u00a9 The Trustees of the British Museum. Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2660596 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2660596\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XVI-XVII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Pier\u015bcionek z XVI-XVII w. \u00a9 The Trustees of the British Museum. Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence - 2000px\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6IjMyOTk1IiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2FyY2hlb2xvZ2lhLnlvdTIucGxcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA0XC9QaWVyc2Npb25lay16LVhWSS1YVklJLXcuLVx1MDBhOS1UaGUtVHJ1c3RlZXMtb2YtdGhlLUJyaXRpc2gtTXVzZXVtLi1TaGFyZWQtdW5kZXItYS1DcmVhdGl2ZS1Db21tb25zLUF0dHJpYnV0aW9uLU5vbkNvbW1lcmNpYWwtU2hhcmVBbGlrZS00LjAtSW50ZXJuYXRpb25hbC1DQy1CWS1OQy1TQS00LjAtbGljZW5jZS0yMDAwcHguanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1237\" src=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XVI-XVII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-32995\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XVI-XVII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XVI-XVII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XVI-XVII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-1024x633.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XVI-XVII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-150x93.jpg 150w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XVI-XVII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-768x475.jpg 768w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XVI-XVII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-1536x950.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Pierscionek-z-XVI-XVII-w.-\u00a9-The-Trustees-of-the-British-Museum.-Shared-under-a-Creative-Commons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike-4.0-International-CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0-licence-2000px-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Pier\u015bcionek z XVI\/XVII w. \u00a9 The Trustees of the British Museum. Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) licence<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7f40a1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d7f40a1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ecd982 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ecd982\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Generalnie motyw z\u0142\u0105czonych d\u0142oni jako symbol zobowi\u0105zania, przysi\u0119gi lub zwi\u0105zku funkcjonowa\u0142 ju\u017c w staro\u017cytnym Rzymie. Gest <em>dextrarum iunctio<\/em> (\u0142ac. \u201ez\u0142\u0105czenie prawic\u201d) pojawia\u0142 si\u0119 tam r\u00f3wnie\u017c na reliefach nagrobnych i monetach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-979f03e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"979f03e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Relief-nagrobny-malzenstwa-rzymskiego-30-r.-p.n.e-Anagoria-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-3.0-2000px.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Relief nagrobny ma\u0142\u017ce\u0144stwa rzymskiego, 30 r. p.n.e, (Anagoria, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0) - 2000px\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6IjMyOTk3IiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2FyY2hlb2xvZ2lhLnlvdTIucGxcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjZcLzA0XC9SZWxpZWYtbmFncm9ibnktbWFsemVuc3R3YS1yenltc2tpZWdvLTMwLXIuLXAubi5lLUFuYWdvcmlhLVdpa2ltZWRpYS1Db21tb25zLUNDLUJZLTMuMC0yMDAwcHguanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" src=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Relief-nagrobny-malzenstwa-rzymskiego-30-r.-p.n.e-Anagoria-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-3.0-2000px.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-32997\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Relief-nagrobny-malzenstwa-rzymskiego-30-r.-p.n.e-Anagoria-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-3.0-2000px.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Relief-nagrobny-malzenstwa-rzymskiego-30-r.-p.n.e-Anagoria-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-3.0-2000px-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Relief-nagrobny-malzenstwa-rzymskiego-30-r.-p.n.e-Anagoria-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-3.0-2000px-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Relief-nagrobny-malzenstwa-rzymskiego-30-r.-p.n.e-Anagoria-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-3.0-2000px-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Relief-nagrobny-malzenstwa-rzymskiego-30-r.-p.n.e-Anagoria-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-3.0-2000px-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Relief-nagrobny-malzenstwa-rzymskiego-30-r.-p.n.e-Anagoria-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-3.0-2000px-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Relief-nagrobny-malzenstwa-rzymskiego-30-r.-p.n.e-Anagoria-Wikimedia-Commons-CC-BY-3.0-2000px-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Relief nagrobny ma\u0142\u017ce\u0144stwa rzymskiego, 30 r. p.n.e, (Anagoria, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eed0771 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eed0771\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Motyw okre\u015blany dzi\u015b mianem \u201efede\u201d przeszed\u0142 d\u0142ug\u0105 drog\u0119 przez epoki, przybieraj\u0105c rozmaite formy, takie jak: <em>gimmel ring<\/em>, <em>puzzle ring<\/em>, odmiany z dodatkiem <em>memento mori<\/em> czy irlandzki <em>Claddagh<\/em>. W ko\u0144cu, oko\u0142o 200 lat temu ust\u0105pi\u0142 miejsca prostej formie g\u0142adkiej obr\u0105czki.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a5432c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6a5432c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf7e462 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf7e462\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: right\">Opracowanie merytoryczne i tekst: <strong><em>Aleksandra Jab\u0142o\u0144ska<\/em><\/strong><em><br \/><\/em>Redakcja j\u0119zykowa i sk\u0142ad: <em>Marcin Fedoruk<\/em><br \/>Zdj\u0119cia zabytku: <em>Joanna Szmit<br \/><\/em>Projekt plakatu: <em>Lidia Nadolska<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>W 2009 roku, podczas bada\u0144 archeologicznych w kociewskiej wsi Osiek, nad jeziorem Ka\u0142\u0119bie odkryto wiele artefakt\u00f3w zwi\u0105zanych z histori\u0105 tego miejsca. By\u0142y w\u015br\u00f3d nich kulki muszkietowe, groty be\u0142t\u00f3w, monety, a tak\u017ce wyj\u0105tkowe znalezisko: pier\u015bcionek zar\u0119czynowy \u2013 cichy \u015bwiadek czyjej\u015b dawnej obietnicy. Dzi\u0119ki badaniom prowadzonym przez Muzeum Archeologiczne w Gda\u0144sku na obszarze Osieka zidentyfikowano relikty zamku [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":33136,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,62],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32987","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zabytek-miesiaca-archiwum-2026","category-zabytek-miesiaca"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32987","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32987"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32987\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33137,"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32987\/revisions\/33137"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32987"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32987"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32987"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}