{"id":9126,"date":"2021-12-01T07:07:58","date_gmt":"2021-12-01T06:07:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/?p=9126"},"modified":"2023-01-16T11:19:33","modified_gmt":"2023-01-16T10:19:33","slug":"kuttrolf-naczynie-zartobliwe-zabytek-miesiaca-mag-grudzien-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/zabytek-miesiaca\/zabytek-miesiaca-archiwum-2021\/kuttrolf-naczynie-zartobliwe-zabytek-miesiaca-mag-grudzien-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Kuttrolf &#8211; naczynie \u017cartobliwe. Zabytek Miesi\u0105ca MAG &#8211; grudzie\u0144 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9126\" class=\"elementor elementor-9126\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-18265c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"18265c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9b4f137\" data-id=\"9b4f137\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c0966b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6c0966b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1400\" src=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2000px-Kuttrolf-Zabytek-Miesiaca-MAG-grudzien-2021.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9236\" alt=\"px Kuttrolf Zabytek Miesiaca MAG grudzien\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2000px-Kuttrolf-Zabytek-Miesiaca-MAG-grudzien-2021.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2000px-Kuttrolf-Zabytek-Miesiaca-MAG-grudzien-2021-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2000px-Kuttrolf-Zabytek-Miesiaca-MAG-grudzien-2021-1024x717.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2000px-Kuttrolf-Zabytek-Miesiaca-MAG-grudzien-2021-150x105.jpg 150w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2000px-Kuttrolf-Zabytek-Miesiaca-MAG-grudzien-2021-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2000px-Kuttrolf-Zabytek-Miesiaca-MAG-grudzien-2021-1536x1075.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2000px-Kuttrolf-Zabytek-Miesiaca-MAG-grudzien-2021-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9f6ad99 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9f6ad99\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-40e4048\" data-id=\"40e4048\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ac8133 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0ac8133\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b54154 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b54154\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f8cab2f\" data-id=\"f8cab2f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7225090 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7225090\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><strong><em>Kuttrolf<\/em>,<em> Angster<\/em>, flasza dubeltowa \u2013 to wymienne nazwy naczy\u0144 o wyj\u0105tkowo oryginalnej konstrukcji. Do tej grupy nale\u017cy prezentowana butelka ze zbior\u00f3w Muzeum Archeologicznego w Gda\u0144sku. Wykonano j\u0105 z le\u015bnego szk\u0142a. Kszta\u0142tem <em>p<\/em>rzypomina klepsydr\u0119, ma czworoboczny korpus zw\u0119\u017caj\u0105cy si\u0119 w\u00a0po\u0142owie wysoko\u015bci. W naro\u017cach znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 cztery rurki, a w \u015brodku \u2013 jeszcze jedna, o kr\u00f3tkiej, w\u0105skiej szyjce.<\/strong><\/h2><h2>\u00a0<\/h2><p>Butelk\u0119 t\u0119 znaleziono w trakcie wykopalisk w roku 1980 nieopodal posesji przy ul. Wi\u015blanej 22, na terenie dawnego portu rzecznego w Gniewie. Odkrycia dokonano obok drewnianej rury wodoci\u0105gowej z XVIII\/XIX wieku oraz w pobli\u017cu konstrukcji drewnianej (rz\u0119du pali po\u0142\u0105czonych d\u0119bowymi deskami) b\u0119d\u0105cej pozosta\u0142o\u015bci\u0105 XVII-wiecznego umocnienia linii brzegowej rzeki Wierzycy.<\/p><p>Historia tego typu naczy\u0144 si\u0119ga staro\u017cytno\u015bci, wytwarzano je ju\u017c w pierwszych wiekach naszej ery w Syrii i Egipcie. W Europie produkowane by\u0142y od \u015bredniowiecza do XVIII\/XIX w. g\u0142\u00f3wnie na obszarach wzd\u0142u\u017c \u015brodkowego i g\u00f3rnego Renu oraz w p\u00f3\u0142nocnych Niemczech. W XVI i XVII w. takie naczynia produkowano r\u00f3wnie\u017c w Wenecji. Prezentowan\u0105 butelk\u0119 z Gniewu wykonano w XVIII\/XIX w., zapewne na terenie Niemiec.Najstarsza zachowana pisemna wzmianka o kuttrolfach pochodzi z drugiej dekady XIII w. Znajdujemy j\u0105 w poemacie <a title=\"Otw\u00f3rz stron\u0119 Hochschule Augsburg z tekstem poematu.\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hs-augsburg.de\/~harsch\/germanica\/Chronologie\/13Jh\/Wolfram\/wol_wi07.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u201eWillehalm\u201d<\/a> Wolframa von Eschenbacha (strofa 326, wersy 15\u201319):<\/p><blockquote><p><em>wir sulen trinken manegez kunnen,<br \/>und in die cl\u00e2ren brunnen<br \/>h\u00e2hen <strong>guttrel von glase<\/strong>,<br \/>d\u00e2 gr\u00fcener kl\u00ea und ander wase<br \/>under boume schate m\u00fcge s\u00een.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><p>Pocz\u0105tkowo naczynia z dmuchanego szk\u0142a przybiera\u0142y r\u00f3\u017cne, najcz\u0119\u015bciej asymetryczne, kszta\u0142ty. Mia\u0142y okr\u0105g\u0142e, baniaste korpusy, a w\u0105skie\u00a0szyjki uformowane by\u0142y ze splecionych\u00a0rurek. Niekiedy, aby uzyska\u0107 po\u017c\u0105dany kszta\u0142t, dmuchane szk\u0142o wyka\u0144czano dodatkowo odciskaj\u0105c je w formie.Wyj\u0105tkowa budowa tych naczy\u0144 sprawia, \u017ce podczas nalewania przez w\u0105skie rurki i szyjk\u0119 nap\u00f3j uwalnia si\u0119 powoli, kropla po kropli. St\u0105d w\u0142a\u015bnie niemiecka nazwa: <em>Kuttrolf<\/em> (ewentualnie <em>Gutterolf<\/em>) z \u0142aci\u0144sk\u0105 cz\u0105stk\u0105 <em>gutta<\/em> oznaczaj\u0105c\u0105 kropl\u0119. Inna nazwa: <em>Angster<\/em> tak\u017ce nawi\u0105zuje do konstrukcji \u2013 \u0142aci\u0144skie <em>angustus<\/em> znaczy bowiem: ciasny, w\u0105ski, cienki. Z kolei polskie okre\u015blenie \u201eflasza dubeltowa\u201d odnosi si\u0119 do klepsydrowych kieliszk\u00f3w, sk\u0142adaj\u0105cych si\u0119 z\u00a0dw\u00f3ch czasz po\u0142\u0105czonych dnami.<\/p><p>Ze wzgl\u0119du na ozdobny kszta\u0142t i mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 precyzyjnego odmierzania p\u0142ynu kuttrolfy s\u0142u\u017cy\u0142y wpierw do przechowywania perfum, p\u00f3\u017aniej znalaz\u0142y zastosowanie w aptekach. Wreszcie, kiedy trafi\u0142y na sto\u0142y biesiadne, pe\u0142ni\u0142y cz\u0119sto funkcj\u0119 naczy\u0144 \u017cartobliwych. Nalewany z\u00a0nich alkohol wydawa\u0142 d\u017awi\u0119k bulgotania, rozweselaj\u0105c biesiadnik\u00f3w.<\/p><p>Trunek zawarty w butelce typu kuttrolf by\u0142 po\u017c\u0105dany, acz trudno dost\u0119pny, skapywa\u0142 przecie\u017c bardzo powoli. Aby go skosztowa\u0107, trzeba by\u0142o wykaza\u0107 si\u0119 cierpliwo\u015bci\u0105. \u015aredniowieczni ludzie por\u00f3wnywali to do&#8230; zachowywania dziewictwa przez cnotliwe niewiasty. Naczynie kuttrolf sta\u0142o si\u0119 wi\u0119c symbolem czysto\u015bci przedma\u0142\u017ce\u0144skiej, stawiano je na stole na znak niewinno\u015bci panny m\u0142odej. Natomiast kobiety, kt\u00f3re dziewicami ju\u017c nie by\u0142y, otrzymywa\u0142y butelki z szerokimi szyjkami.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: right\">Tekst: <em><strong>Marcin Jagusiak<\/strong><\/em><br \/>Redakcja: <em>Marcin Fedoruk<\/em><br \/>Zdj\u0119cie zabytku: <em>Zofia Grunt<\/em><br \/>Opracowanie graficzne: <em>Lidia Nadolska<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9c43eb8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9c43eb8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-095fc22\" data-id=\"095fc22\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5343cda elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5343cda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-72ae792 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"72ae792\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5114d4c\" data-id=\"5114d4c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54a19f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"54a19f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2000px-MAG_SR_1226_3_1_103-5.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"MAG_SR_1226_3_1_103-5\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6IjkyNDMiLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvYXJjaGVvbG9naWEueW91Mi5wbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMVwvMTFcLzIwMDBweC1NQUdfU1JfMTIyNl8zXzFfMTAzLTUuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1500\" height=\"2000\" src=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2000px-MAG_SR_1226_3_1_103-5.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9243\" alt=\"px MAG SR\" srcset=\"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2000px-MAG_SR_1226_3_1_103-5.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2000px-MAG_SR_1226_3_1_103-5-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2000px-MAG_SR_1226_3_1_103-5-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2000px-MAG_SR_1226_3_1_103-5-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2000px-MAG_SR_1226_3_1_103-5-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2000px-MAG_SR_1226_3_1_103-5-9x12.jpg 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Kuttrolf ze zbior\u00f3w MAG. Fot. Zofia Grunt.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-04c7113\" data-id=\"04c7113\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f481fe7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"f481fe7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/youtu.be\\\/AFlC1VJQtKQ&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5fc53ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5fc53ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ef99432\" data-id=\"ef99432\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kuttrolf, Angster, flasza dubeltowa \u2013 to wymienne nazwy naczy\u0144 o wyj\u0105tkowo oryginalnej konstrukcji. Do tej grupy nale\u017cy prezentowana butelka ze zbior\u00f3w Muzeum Archeologicznego w Gda\u0144sku. Wykonano j\u0105 z le\u015bnego szk\u0142a. Kszta\u0142tem przypomina klepsydr\u0119, ma czworoboczny korpus zw\u0119\u017caj\u0105cy si\u0119 w\u00a0po\u0142owie wysoko\u015bci. W naro\u017cach znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 cztery rurki, a w \u015brodku \u2013 jeszcze jedna, o kr\u00f3tkiej, w\u0105skiej [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":9236,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zabytek-miesiaca-archiwum-2021"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9126"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9126\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archeologia.you2.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}